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Objective To understand the current research focus and trends in the field of snail intestinal flora. Methods The literature focusing on snail intestinal flora and published from 1998 to 2017 were retrieved from the core database of Web of Science. The quantitative analysis of literature was then conducted by using CiteSpace software based on the bibliometricsmethod.The research trends were then summarized systematically, and the potential research fronts and focuses were explored. Results Totally 139 articles were identified in the field of snail intestinal flora. The top three countries with highest publications included the United States of American, Brazil, and South Korea; while the top three institutions were Kyung Hee University, Osvaldo Cruz Foundation, and Oxford University. Five terms were identified as the key words in this field, including diversity, cellulose, Achatina fulica, lignocelluloses, and species nova. Meanwhile, 5 critical papers with the citation frequency over 15 were recognized, and 5 study clusters were formed including the application, diversity, and function of intestinal flora, difference of snail source and flora, and newly discovered bacteria in the snail intestine. Conclusion The current research focuses on intestinal flora of snails include the diversity, function and application of intestinal flora.
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Objective To understand the current research focus and trends in the field of snail intestinal flora. Methods The literature focusing on snail intestinal flora and published from 1998 to 2017 were retrieved from the core database of Web of Science. The quantitative analysis of literature was then conducted by using CiteSpace software based on the bibliometricsmethod.The research trends were then summarized systematically, and the potential research fronts and focuses were explored. Results Totally 139 articles were identified in the field of snail intestinal flora. The top three countries with highest publications included the United States of American, Brazil, and South Korea; while the top three institutions were Kyung Hee University, Osvaldo Cruz Foundation, and Oxford University. Five terms were identified as the key words in this field, including diversity, cellulose, Achatina fulica, lignocelluloses, and species nova. Meanwhile, 5 critical papers with the citation frequency over 15 were recognized, and 5 study clusters were formed including the application, diversity, and function of intestinal flora, difference of snail source and flora, and newly discovered bacteria in the snail intestine. Conclusion The current research focuses on intestinal flora of snails include the diversity, function and application of intestinal flora.
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Objective To establish a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia according to individualized and specific immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in leukemia cells, and to use it for the monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) of B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Methods The immunoglobulin gene rearrangements of bone marrow samples from 15 cases of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed with a validated European BIOMED-2 system, and the individualized and specific qPCR-based quantification of leukemic immunoglobulin gene rearrangements was established. Results Unique and specific gene rearrangements of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains were identified in 14 cases and Ig-qPCR based on these gene rearrangements had a sensitivity of 10-5 and high specificity which met the international criteria in 10 patients. Leukemia MRD quantification with immunoglobulin gene rearrangement-based qPCR was similar as compared with other MRD detection methods. Conclusion Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement-based leukemia MRD quantification is feasible, sensitive, specific, precise and much valuable for clinical decision of treatments in B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of stroke in young patients with cardiac myxoma.Methods Medical records of young patients (aged between 18-44 years) diagnosed with cardiac myxoma in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2005 to March 2016 were retrospective reviewed.Results A total of 117 cases were included (85 female and 32 male)with the average age (36 ±7)years old.Most myxomas (83.8％) were located in the left atrium,7.7％ were in the right atrium,3.5％ were in the both atriums,2.6％ were in the left ventricle,and a few were in the left atrium plus left ventricle and in the right ventricle.Of all the patients,24 (20.5％) (16 women and 8 men) were complicated with cerebral infarction.Among them,3 patients were with lower extremity arterial embolisms.Two patients were with cerebral hemorrhage.The cerebral infarction mainly involved in the distribution area of the internal carotid artery.Infarctions involving 2 or more cerebral vessels were found in 4 cases.Most subjects (58.3％) manifested with hemiplegia,and some (18.2％) with syncope.The proportion of the left atrial myxoma in patients with cerebral infarction (100.0％) was significantly higher than those in patients without cerebral infarction (85.1％,P =0.044).Subjects with tumor diameter less than 3 cm were more frequently complicated with cerebral infarction (37.5％ vs 13.8％,P =0.009).A logistic analysis showed that the odds ratio of myxoma with tumor diameter less than 3 cm for cerebral infarction was 3.750 (95％ CI 1.343-10.470).Conclusions Cardiac myxoma is more common in young women,and often complicated with cerebral infarction.The infarctions are mainly distributed in internal carotid artery system,and some are involved in multiple vascular systems.The incidence of stroke is associated with the position of the myxoma.Smail-size myxoma cannot be ignored for its risk of stroke.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect and mechanism of hydroxyfasudi (HF), a specific Rho kinase inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced endothelial dysfunction.@*Methods@#A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group(n=6), HF group(n=6), LPS group(n=6) and LPS + HF group(n=6) with random number table method. There was no special treatment in control group. HF (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in HF group. LPS (1 mg/kg) were injected intravenously in LPS group. In LPS+ HF group, HF (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, followed by intravenous LPS injection (1 mg/kg) 30 minutes later. All rats were sacrificed after 8 hours, and aortic tissue was extracted. RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA levels of Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase (ROCK)1, connexin (Cx)43 and caveolin (Cav)1. The protein levers of ROCK1, Cx43 and Cav-1 were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining respectively.@*Results@#(1) RT-PCR experiments showed that mRNA levels of ROCK1(2.67±0.03 vs. 1.00±0.04), Cx43(1.73±0.03 vs. 1.00±0.08), and Cav1(1.85±0.04 vs. 1.0±0.03) in LPS group were significantly higher than in control group(all P<0.05). mRNA levels of ROCK1(0.38±0.02), Cx43(0.58±0.02), and Cav1(0.27±0.01) in LPS + HF group were significantly lower than in LPS group(all P<0.05). (2)Western blot analysis showed that protein levels of ROCK1(3.46±0.82 vs. 2.19±0.56), Cx43(0.33±0.09 vs.0.11±0.06), and Cav1(3.45±0.74 vs. 2.25±0.91) in LPS group were significantly higher than in control group(all P<0.05). Protein levels of ROCK1(1.09±0.52), Cx43(0.01±0.06), and Cav1(2.06±0.40) in LPS + HF group were significantly lower than in LPS group(all P<0.05). (3) Immunohistochemical staining showed that protein levels of ROCK1(84.1±0.9比53.7±2.9), Cx43(99.1±2.1 vs. 46.2±0.8), and Cav1(167.0±6.4 vs. 84.9±1.0) in LPS group were significantly higher than in control group(all P<0.05). Protein levels of ROCK1(30.4±0.6), Cx43(21.4±1.3), and Cav1(55.8±2.8) in LPS + HF group were significantly lower than in LPS group(all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#HF attenuates LPS induced endothelial dysfunction probably via suppressing the expression of ROCK1, Cx43 and Cav1.
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Objective To explore the effect of Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture on tip foot in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From January to December, 2016, 120 children with spastic cerebral palsy aged one to six years were randomly divided into control group (n=60) and observation group (n=60). Both groups were treated with conventional rehabilitation, while the observation group added Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture. They were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), foot dorsiflexion angle and surface electromyog-raphy. Results After treatment, the scores of GMFM in B, C, D and E dimensions and the total score significantly increased in the observa-tion group (t>4.325, P<0.001), and were higher than that of the control group (t>2.711, P<0.01);the foot dorsiflexion angle significantly de-creased in the observation group (t=17.627, P<0.001), and was significantly less than that of the control group (t=15.416, P<0.001). The root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography of gastrocnemius muscle under active plantarflexion and passive dorsiflexion of ankle joint improved after treatment (t≥3.058, P<0.01), and was better in the observation group than in the control group (t=-2.199, P<0.05). Conclusion Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture can effectively reduce the gastrocnemius muscle tension, and do not reduce the gastrocnemius muscle strength, which could also improve the ability of foot flexion, and facilitate to recover the function of standing and moving.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of needling thirteen ghost acupoints for children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods:A total of 90 cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged between 2 and 6 years were randomly allocated into 2 groups by random number table. The control group (n=45) received routine rehabilitative training, and the treatment group (n=45) received acupuncture at thirteen ghost acupoints plus routine rehabilitative training. The Beijing Gesell developmental (Gesell) scale and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were used to assess the intellectual, language and behavior development before and 3 months after the treatment. Results:After the treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 82.2%, versus 55.6% in the control group, showing a statistical significance (P<0.05). As for the scores of social, emotional and language in Gesell scale, there were significant intra-group differences in the treatment group (allP<0.05), and all the five subscales in the Gesell scale in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (allP<0.05). As for the scores of ABC, there were significant intra-group differences in the treatment group (P<0.05), and the scores in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (allP<0.05). Conclusion: Rehabilitation training plus acupuncture at thirteen ghost acupoints can significantly improve the intellectual, language and abnormal behavior in autism spectrum disorder children.
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Objective To explore the effect of Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture on tip foot in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From January to December, 2016, 120 children with spastic cerebral palsy aged one to six years were randomly divided into control group (n=60) and observation group (n=60). Both groups were treated with conventional rehabilitation, while the observation group added Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture. They were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), foot dorsiflexion angle and surface electromyog-raphy. Results After treatment, the scores of GMFM in B, C, D and E dimensions and the total score significantly increased in the observa-tion group (t>4.325, P<0.001), and were higher than that of the control group (t>2.711, P<0.01);the foot dorsiflexion angle significantly de-creased in the observation group (t=17.627, P<0.001), and was significantly less than that of the control group (t=15.416, P<0.001). The root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography of gastrocnemius muscle under active plantarflexion and passive dorsiflexion of ankle joint improved after treatment (t≥3.058, P<0.01), and was better in the observation group than in the control group (t=-2.199, P<0.05). Conclusion Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture can effectively reduce the gastrocnemius muscle tension, and do not reduce the gastrocnemius muscle strength, which could also improve the ability of foot flexion, and facilitate to recover the function of standing and moving.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of needling thirteen ghost acupoints for children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods:A total of 90 cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged between 2 and 6 years were randomly allocated into 2 groups by random number table. The control group (n=45) received routine rehabilitative training, and the treatment group (n=45) received acupuncture at thirteen ghost acupoints plus routine rehabilitative training. The Beijing Gesell developmental (Gesell) scale and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were used to assess the intellectual, language and behavior development before and 3 months after the treatment. Results:After the treatment, the total effective rate in the treatment group was 82.2%, versus 55.6% in the control group, showing a statistical significance (P<0.05). As for the scores of social, emotional and language in Gesell scale, there were significant intra-group differences in the treatment group (allP<0.05), and all the five subscales in the Gesell scale in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (allP<0.05). As for the scores of ABC, there were significant intra-group differences in the treatment group (P<0.05), and the scores in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group (allP<0.05). Conclusion: Rehabilitation training plus acupuncture at thirteen ghost acupoints can significantly improve the intellectual, language and abnormal behavior in autism spectrum disorder children.
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Embolic stroke of undetermined source ( ESUS ) refers to non-lacunar brain infarcts without definite proximal arterialstenosis or major cardioembolic sources.Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be the most important cause of ESUS, thus anticoagulation may be more effective than antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention to this group of patients.This paper reviews the latest progress on the definition, epidemiology, diagnostic approach, relation to atrial fibrillation and management of ESUS.
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Objective To explore the morbidity and risk factors of postoperative delirium in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods A total of 286 patients were continuously enrolled for CABG surgery from January to December 2013 in cardiac surgery ward in Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 was used as the diagnostic tool for the analysis of the morbidity and risk factors of postoperative delirium.Results (1) Delirium occurred in 24 patients of 286 patients and morbidity of postoperative delirium was 8.4％.Sixteen of 24 patients (66.7％) suffered from transient delirium (＜24 h).Eight of 24 patients (33.3％) suffered from continuous delirium (≥48 h).(2) The common clinical presentation of postoperative delirium included increased psychomotor activity, a disordered sleep-wake cycle and a reduced level of consciousness.(3) Univariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that delirium was associated with advanced age over 70 years old (OR =3.05, 95％ CI 2.55-72.94, P =0.023), previous cerebral infarction(OR =1.78, 95％ CI 1.07-2.96, P =0.026), previous brain heamorrhage (OR =1.99, 95 ％ CI 1.20-3.31, P =0.003), surgery time (OR =1.05, 95％ CI0.05-2.04, P =0.047), intensive care unit (ICU) staying time (OR =2.87, 95％ CI 1.43-5.72, P=0.003), use offentanyl (OR=2.78, 95％ CI 1.02-7.57, P=0.045).(4) The multiple Logistic stepwise regression analysis indicated that the perioperative risk factors of delirium included advanced age over 70 years old (OR =3.196, 95％ CI 1.574-6.488, P =0.001), cerebrovascular accident history(OR =2.610, 95％ CI 1.538-4.431, P =0.000) and ICU duration time(OR =1.480, 95 ％ CI 1.070-2.046, P =0.018).Conclusions The morbidity of postoperative delirium after CABG is 8.4％.Many predisposing and precipitating factors contribute to postoperative delirium.These factors include age ＞ 70 years, cerebral infarction and ICU staying time.Assessment and preventive strategies should be considered to reduce the incidence of delirium, particularly among those patients with high risks.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of stroke in young adults with infective endocarditis (IE).Methods This is a retrospective analysis of clinical data of young patients (aged between 18 and 44 years) diagnosed with IE in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2003 to March 2013.Results Three hundred IE patients (209 male and 91 female) were enrolled with mean age of (31.8 ± 7.8) years old.Fourteen of them were prosthetic valve endocarditis.All of the cases were found vegetations.The vegetations were mainly distributed in the mitral valve and/or aortic valve (262/300 patients).Congenital heart disease and rheumatic valvular disease were most frequently background diseases.Thirty-five cases (11.7％) were complicated with stroke.Among them,21 cases were with cerebral infarction (including 7 subjects with hemorrhagic transformation),9 cases with cerebral hemorrhage,3 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage,and 2 with reasons unknown.Within the 21 cerebral infarction cases,the infarction sites were mainly distributed in internal carotid artery system with 5 cases involving bilateral internal carotid artery systems and 2 vertebro-basilar artery systems.As to the cerebral hemorrhage,lobar were the bleeding sites in all cases,and mainly distributed in internal carotid artery system.The proportions of left-sided endocarditis and rheumatic valvular disease were significantly higher in patients with stroke than those without [100.0％ (35/35) vs 86.4％ (229/265),P =0.02;22.8％ (8/35) vs 6.4％ (17/265),P =0.001,respectively].Regression analysis showed that the OR of the rheumatic valvular disease for stroke in young IE patients was 4.950 (95％ CI 1.626-15.072),and the OR of stroke for death was 8.387 (95％ CI 1.997-35.225),respectively.Conclusions Stroke is common in young patients with IE.Cerebral infarction often involves multiple vascular systems,and is prone to hemorrhagic transformation.Intracerebral hemorrhage often occurs in lobar.Rheumatic valvular disease might be a risk factor for stroke in young patients with IE,which is an independent risk factor for death of these patients.
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Objective To study the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients after off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG)and its risk factors ,and the association between cerebrovascular function assayed by 320 dynamic volume CT and POCD .Methods Two hundred and thirteen elderly patients selected for OPCABG were divided into patients group (n=28) and control group (n=185) .The patients underwent 320 dynamic volume CT to show their cerebrovascular ,neurological and cognitive functions .The patients were assessed on day 14 after operation .The risk factors for POCD and the association between CT perfusion imaging parame‐ters and POCD w ere comparatively analyzed .Results T he incidence of cerebrovascular disease , diabetes mellitus ,CTA‐detected severe cerebrovascular stenosis and abnormal cerebral pufusion was significantly higher in patients group than in control group (P< 0 .01) .Logistic regression analysis showed that cerebrovascular disease history and abnormal cerebral pufusion were the in‐dependent risk factors for POCD (OR= 1 .837 ,95% CI:1 .075 -3 .141 ,P= 0 .026 ;OR= 3 .224 , 95% CI:2 .073-5 .013 ,P=0 .000) .Conclusion Early detection of abnormal cerebrovascular ste‐nosis ,poor cerebral perfusion and maintainence of stable blood glucose play an important role in reducing the incidence of POCD in elderly patients after OPCABG .
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@#Objective To analyze the effect of assistive device adaption on quality of life of people with disabilities in 2 districts in Shanghai. Methods A survey on disabled people's quality of life was conducted in 2 districts in Shanghai in September, 2011. A total of 326 people with disabilities completed the SF-12 Questionnaire. Results Assistive device adaption significantly improved their quality of life (P< 0.001). The shorter the years of being disabled was, and the lower the income was, the better the improvement of physical health and psychological health was. Conclusion An early-intervention and constant-revisit service system should be established. More attention should be paid to the low-income family which has disabled members. It is needed to improve the tools for assessment of quality of life of people with disabilities.
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@#Objective To study the effects of assistive devices adaption on activities of disabled persons in 2 districts in Shanghai. Methods 326 disabled persons who accepted the assistive devices adaption in 2 districts in Shanghai in September, 2011, were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire. Results Limb disability was the most of these disabled people, and 2/3 of them stayed in disabled condition more than 10 years. More than 70% of them agreed that assistive devices adaption improved their activities and more than 80% of them were satisfied with the effect of barrier-free remodification. Limb disabled persons benefited from the significant improvement of activities. Conclusion Assistive devices adaption is important to improve the activities of disabled persons.
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To evaluate the effect of Naoshuantong capsule on the life quality of patients with ischemic stroke in six months of follow-up studies, and observe the adverse events. The results would provide reference for the secondary prevention on the recovery stage of ischemic stroke. 696 patients from 12 Class III Grade I hospitals nationwide were divided into 2 groups by central randomization system. The study group, 344 cases, were treated with Naoshuantong capsule plus Aspirin, and the control group, 352 cases, were treated with Aspirin. The patients were treated for 6 months. At the end of treatment, SS-QOL used for evaluating the quality of life was observed. The safety index was defined by adverse observation event. The incidence of adverse events and laboratory tests results were observed before and after treatment at the same time. The results indicated that compared to the control group, the treatment group had significant statistical difference in the impact of effort, self-care ability and the the work or labor ability of patients (P < 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed. Naoshuantong capsule showed some superiority to Asprin on improving the quality of life on patients with ischemic stroke, and it could be used in secondary prevention on the recovery stage of ischemic stroke. Naoshuantong capsule is safe and effective in the treatment of convalescence ischemic stroke.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Capsules , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Follow-Up Studies , Quality of Life , Stroke , Drug Therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of adhesion molecule CD146 and the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Methods The plaque samples were collected from 40 patients who underwent the carotid endarterectomy and were divided into the stable plaque group and the instable plaque group by ultrasound imaging.Five carotid artery samples were taken from the healthy donors as the control.Immunohistochemistry was applied to test the CD146 expression in all samples.Results Higher expression of CD146 was observed in the atherosclerotic plaques than in the healthy control.Moreover,statistical difference was found in the expression of CD146 in the plaques between the instable plaque group and the stable plaque group (0.31 ± 0.19 vs 0.17 ± 0.07,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CD146 was positively correlated with the necrotic area (r =0.471 8,P =0.019 9) and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in the plaques (r =0.535 6,P =0.000 9).Conclusion The CD146 expression is correlated with the vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
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Objective To summarize the characteristics of neurological symptoms in patients with aortic dissection.Methods The clinical data including symptoms,signs,and imaging of 865 consecutive patients with aortic dissection were analyzed retrospectively.Results Neurological symptoms occurred in 225 cases (26.0％) with aortic dissection.The most common symptom was dizziness (56 cases,6.5％),followed by syncope (49,5.7％),single lower limb sensory disturbances(47,5.4％),single lower extremity weakness(27,3.1％),coma (22,2.5％),paraplegia (19,2.2％),headache (13,1.5％)and hemiplegia (9,1.0％).The first manifestation of five cases was the neurological symptoms,including syncope (2),dizziness(1)and headache (2).Patients with type A aortic dissection were more vulnerable to the neurological symptoms than those with type B aortic dissection (34.6％ vs 14.7％),and the symptoms with significantly higher occurrence were syncope,coma,hemiplegia,paraplegia and lower limb sensory disturbances.Conclusion Neurological symptoms are common in patients with aortic dissection,especially in those with type A aortic dissection.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of carotid artery stenosis on the incidence of neurological complication in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 176 consecutive patients ≥60 years old undergoing selective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (from June 2010 to July 2011 ).Carotid duplex ultrasound screening was used to determine the presence and severity of carotid artery before surgery. Neurological complications 7 days after surgery were compared between the patients with ( ≥75％ ) and without severe carotid artery stenosis ( ＜ 70％ ).Multivariate analysis was used to determine the predictor of severe carotid artery disease.ResultsSixteen patients (9.1％ ) were found to have severe carotid artery stenosis before surgery. Thirty-seven patients (20.8％ ) had single or multiple neurological complications:1 (0.6％ ) had stroke; 12 (6.7％) had hypoxic-metabolic encephalopathy; 21 ( 11.8％ ) had cognitive dysfunction; 3 ( 1.7％ ) had depression.When compared with the counterparts,patients with severe carotid artery stenosis had a higher rate of neurological complications (43.8％ vs 18.8％ ; P =0.044).In multivariate analysis,significant predictive factor for severe carotid artery stenosis was prior stroke ( OR:4.04 ; 95％ CI 1.22-13.37 ).Conclusion Severe carotid artery stenosis alone is a risk factor for neurological complication after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and prior stroke is a predictor for sever carotid artery disease.
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Objective To report the clinical and myopathological features in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) with myositis.Methods A 33 years old man suffered from recurrent respiratory infection with fever over 10 years.The symptoms improved after anti-infection therapy.At the same time he presented with fatigue.Two years ago he developed general muscle weakness,hypertrophy and myotonia,especially in the hands,neck and thighs.Genetic test for myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) and zinc finger protein 9 (ZNF9) was performed.Laboratory tests,electromyography,muscle ultrasound and muscle biopsy were performed.In addition to standard histological and enzyme histochemical stainings,immunohistochemical method was used with primary antibodies of mouse anti human monoclonal antibodies including CD8 for T-lymphocytes,CD20 for B-lymphocytes,CD68 for macrophages and MHC-Ⅰ for muscle membrane.Results Electromyography revealed myogenic changes and abound with myotonic potentials.There was muscle hypertrophy in muscle ultrasound.Lung biopsy showed chronic inflammatory changes.Serum hypoimmunoglobulin and anemia were found.Muscle biopsy showed muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration with lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration.There were no gene mutations in DMPK and ZNF9 gene.Conclusion Muscle hypertrophy and myotonia appeared in CVID with myositis.